The German staff was headed by the Lagerkommandant (camp commander) and a team of subordinates, comprised mostly of junior officers. The Dachau Concentration camp opened on March 22, 1933 in an abandoned munitions factory east of the town of Dachau. In the foreground, two Spanish inmates. The prisoners at the Mauthausen concentration camp slept in bunk beds, stacked up in tiers of three. On 16 May 1938 work began in the quarry, initially employing thirty civilian workers. Starting as a satellite of Dachau, in Germany, it Mauthausen, Austria's largest concentration camp, was known by Nazis as the 'Bone Mill' Inmates were made to carry granite blocks up 186 steps called the 'Stairs of … Seventy years ago, on May 5, 1945, US troops liberated Mauthausen-Gusen, the hub of a large group of German concentration camps in Upper Austria, roughly 20 kilometers east of the city of Linz, on the river Danube. Mauthausen Parachute Jump photo and research. Mauthausen, one of the most notorious Nazi concentration camps, located near the village of Mauthausen, on the Danube River, 12 miles (20 km) east of Linz, Austria. Camp personnel marched 1,500 prisoners to and from the Klinkerwerk each day until the camp authorities decided in 1941 to turn Klinkerwerk into a subcamp of Sachsenhausen and house the prisoners on site. During the war, forced labor utilizing concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in German armaments production.


A few weeks after the occupation of Austria by German troops, high-ranking German SS and police officers visited the Mauthausen quarries and found them to be a suitable location for a concentration camp. One of them commanded the prisoners’ camp, usually after being specially trained for this duty. Museu d’Història de Catalunya.

As a result, the number of prisoners in the Using the example of the Jewish prisoners from Hungary the paper analyses the last period of Mauthausen, describes the daily life especially in the tent camp, in Gunskirchen and in the subcamps of Mauthausen, and discusses how the changed living conditions effected the chances for survival. On August 8, 1938, prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp were transferred to the “Wiener Graben” quarry and construction of the Mauthausen concentration camp was begun. Mauthausen concentration was camp created shortly after the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938 near an abandoned stone quarry about three miles from the town of Mauthausen in Upper Austria. The construction of a wall at Mauthausen at the start of 1941. It was established in April 1938, shortly after Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. The hierarchic structure of the concentration camps followed the model established in Dachau. At first, there were 140 prisoners in each barrack, but as the war progressed and prisoners from other camps were brought to Mauthausen, there were as many as 1,000 men crowded into each barrack. Since summer 1944, because of its western location – in significant distance to the front – Mauthausen, including its subcamps, became one of the main destinations for deportation and evacuation transports. (Photo credit: National Archives, USHMM Photo Archives) Often Prisoners were made to run up and down the stairs till most were dead.

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